Ithayile ye-Rally: Ukulinda Imizuzwana Engqongqosile

Ukwenza futhi Ukusebenza kwezithayile ze-Rally kwezimzuzwana Ezinguqulo

Kanjani izithayile ze-Rally Azilindeli Imizuzwana Eningiwe

Izithayile ze-rally zilinda amandla anguqukile—ukukhishwa kwezindlela ezingqongqosile kuya kwezinye eziphathelene. Ukulinda kwazo kubhekisela kudongodongo abane obunye bokwenyakanyiswa:

• Izinhlelo zezinhlelo ezinganani abazenza ukuthi kungakhathalise futhi kuhlale kuchukumise
• Izibilana ezikhanyisiweyo ukuthatha amagciwane futhi akhanseli ukuphunywa
• Amabokisi wokugcina ezigcwele okuthibela amagciwane ngesikhathi sokugcina amathaphu amahle
• Ukuhlukahluka kwehlukahluka ukuthola ukuphakama ngaphandle kokulahleka kwekunqubo yokubhola

Amaphrinsipi wokujabulisa ekuhlatheniwe kulelona ukwehlisa okuphezulu

Xa kufika kweqile ukwenza amagqabi aphelileyo, ababhuyezi kufanele bale theko ephakeme kakhulu phakathi kwezidingo ezahlukene. Izinhlayiya zokwenza amagqabi aphelileyo ezinzile kakhulu ngemvula yesilica zenza ukuba zilungiselela amandla kakhulu ngokuphindwa kabili nge 23% kunzima ngokusebenzisa amagqabi aphelileyo angcono ngokulingana neqoqo laseFIA lesihlandla. Kuyindlela encane xa sicinga ukuthi le magqabi kufanele aziyaxhume kakhulu noma lapho izimo zingaphansi kwezindleko zokuphela, zisebenze kahle kusukela kuma 14 degrees Fahrenheit. Ngemva kwama rubber le, kukhona izindlela zokubamba izinto ezinezindlela zokuxhuma nezinye zokwehlisa inkampana xa kubamba izindleko zokugcisa kakhulu abaphelileyo bazifundisa kuma mountain roads. Lezi zibonelo zange zenza into encane futhi, zilungiselela ukuba amagqabi aphelileyo ayipheli kusukela kuma 18% xa kubaba kuma WRC races. Kwezintombi zokuba ngale ndlela, yonke into encane engcono iyancisha.

Isicatshulwa: Imisebenzi Yezigqabi eMonte Carlo Rally lesihlandla

Kwakuhappeneda kwi rally kungaba yindlela encane. Indawo yathatha konke kwi itire kuhlanganise nezindawo eziphathwe ngokushelene, izindawo ezivulwe ngokushelene oluncane, nezindawo ezikhona kuzo iziqhelo esikhulu zokushelene ezinemaphuzi. Amatekhi wokhetha le treads eziyisikwe kakhulu ayisebenza ngendlela enhle kakhulu. Le treads yayinezinhlobo ezahlukene zokushelene nezindlela ezahlukene zokubhola kuzo. Kule ndawo ezikhathini ezifishe, bayithola izinkathazo ezingu 2 ngasikhathi esinye kusukela kwi itire eziyisikwe. Uma sibuyela emuva kwi data yonke ekhokhelwe emva kwesikhathi kubonisa into enkulu futhi. Noma lapho ubude bwezulu bube yadlula phakathi kwe 28 degrees Fahrenheit nase 55 degrees Fahrenheit (okungukuthi kancane -2 Celsius kuya ku 13 Celsius), le treads yayikhona yaziwa ngokuthi yavuselela kancane kwe 91% yokuqondisa okuphezulu kungaba yazo noma kuzo zonke izimo eziphilayo.

Ukuphuthumula kwezindlela zokuvuselela ukushisa nokubeletha kwi treads yama rally

Imithwanciso yokuguqula fomu eculeni kusetyenziswa ngaphakathi kwemigqamane yezikhelo ukunciphisa izinto ngaphakathi, okuqinisekisa ukuba amakhemikhali ebona ayiphoyile xa imigqamane ibaleka ngokokhawuleza ngokuphelele. Umkhiqizo omkhulu wemigqamane wazithile inkqubo yabo ye prototype yakhe kusuku olugqibeleleyo kwaye ibonako ukuba inqanaba lokusebenza liphila ngokulinganayo kwiimigqamane ezingama-12 zokugqibela ngokuphelele xa iintemperetshi zikhula kuma-97 Fahrenheit ngo-2023. Iintombazane zokubaleka zazikhuselela le migqamane kwiimvumelelo ezingqinileyo kwaye iziphumo zibonisa ukuba zinceda ngokulingana neempawu ezingama-15 phezulu ngokulibambana neengqamano ezidwesileyo. Yeyiphi na into engaziwa ngokubaleka, into efaneyo yokuphucula iyakha ishishini phakathi kweenkqubo zokugqibela nezengqondo.

Ukulinganisa Ukukhetha Imigqamane Neezimo Ezilinganiselweyo Zokulwa

Iintombazane zamanje zokubaleka zisetyenzisa iimodeli zokupredicta ezivumelana nee-AI ezingadibanisa:

Ukukhipha kwezilwane ngokushesha kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuguqula phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimfushane, ezabanzi nezikhulu ngemva yokuthi kuthiwa—le ndawo yabangela ukuncipha kwezikhathi ngama-43% ngokwesinye sezon WRC 2023 esikhathini esinezingo zokulala.

Ukukhetha Amatyeri Okuhlanganeni Ngokulandelela Uhlobo Lwesayithi: Tarmac, Igravel, Isnow, Neziyi

Izinhlobo zemigcafuko ne-Optimization Yokuqina Ngokulandelela Uhlobo Lwesayithi

Izinduku zokugcina ezigcwele kuzindlela zokubhola zidizaywa ngokweqile ukuba zihambelane nezinye izinto ukuze abasebenzisi babe nezokugcina futhi bakhule kakhulu kuzindlela. Xa kufika kuzindlela zokuthwala, le ndlela zinezinduku eziningi ezihlelwe ngendlela ethile. Zingena kakhulu kuzindlela zokuthwala futhi zikhuphuke izindlekile zokuthwala eziphakeme ukuze intonga iyakhokhe kahle. Kuzindlela ezithuthile, le ndlela zindlela zokugcina ziphazamisa ngokuphelele. Izinduku ziphakathi kakhulu futhi ziphakathi kakhulu, okwenzela ukuthi intonga iyakhokhe kancane kuzindlela. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi ukubhola kubuke ngokushesha futhi kube ngakontrolelwa noma xa uhamba ngokushesha. Kuzindlela ezibangelwa ngemvula kanye nezulu, abadizaywa baletha amagroove amathathuweyo okuhambisa amagroove amathathuweyo. Le magroove ayisiza ukuthi aziphumule amathwali kusuku lomhla, okwenzela ukuthi kube khona ukuthambiswa ngokushesha xa abasebenzisi badinga ukubhola ngokushesha.

Amakhemikhali eRubber: Ukuqanisa Ikhemi yindlela nezinto zokuthwala futhi nezindlela

Lokupha amagolide, abasebenzisa izinhlayiya ezahlukene zokwenza ukuthola uhlelo olungile phakathi kwekuhlanuka kanye nokuphumelela ngeminyaka engaphezulu ngokwezinsuku ezahlukene. Izinhlayiya ezinkimbinkimbi zisebenza ngendlela enhle lapho kuba nguqirha kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo kusukela ku -20°C usuku kusukela ku 10°C, ukuvikela amagolide ukuba ngokuphelele kakhulu kwayice. Kuzinsuku ezinkulu, okungenhla kusukela ku 10°C usuku kusukela ku 30°C, babusa okukhanyangayo ukuze amagolide akuphile kakhulu emhlabeni wokushisa lapho esemva kusebenza kuseluleko ngemva kwezinsuku. Izinhlayiya ezinhle zokwendulo zasebenzisa isilika ethile okuyivikela ukuba amagolide ayisilika ngokugcwele lapho kuba nguqirha. Ngokwesicatshulwa esisha esishicilelwe ku-Motorsport Materials Report ngo-2022, le zinhlayiya ezinhle zokwendulo zinikeza abasebenzisi izinkqubo ezingama-18% ngokungcono kunezinhlayiya eziphela kwezinsuku zokuphela kuzice kanye nezinsuku zokwendulo.

Amathayi Omjaho KaPirelli Wama-asphalt, Amatshe, Iqhwa Neqhwa

Ababhanga beketi kakhulu bekwaqonda ngokweminga kwezitayela zokubhola kwezindlela zasekhanda. Thatha le modeli yabo ye-K4 eyinhloko yabantu abane, noma i-KM6 olwenyelwe ngokweqile kuzindlela zasekhanda. Le zitayela zinezimitha zokuhlinzeka zokubhola eyenza amathupha angama-2,5 kulokhu kuzitayela eziphambene nezinye eziphathwe kakhulu kuleli xesha. Xa kufika kwezindlela zasekhanda, wabale i-S7 ngale ndawo enkulu yematerial enkimbini. Abasebenzisi babize ukuba le zitayela zihlukana ngokweqile kwezibhola ezingama-32% xa bahlaba kuzindlela zasekhanda eziningi nezindlela zokukhanya. Futhi ungaxotshi ukuba kwezibhola zomhla futhi. Ikhelasi letitayela le-Ice iyanele amathupha angama-190 akhinyayo kumunye ngamunye wetitayela. Lokhu kenza ukuba kunezinqubomgwelela ezingama-40% ngokulandelayo kuzindlela zasekhanda kunale zitayela ezintsha ezikhona kuleli xesha.

Hankook Dynapro R213: Ithekhnoloji kanye nekuqiniseka kwezindawo

Umntengi wezithakatha ombalwa wadatela izithakatha zakhe eziphambene ngokusebenzisa into odwa engu Adaptive Tread Geometry. Izithakatha kule zithakatha zidatela ngokusebenzisa imodeli yekhompyuta ukuthi ziyishape futhi zingathini ngokwesimo. Izingxenye ziyakhona xa unquma emhlabeni, okuncoma ukuthi kube khona ukuxhuma kwezinsuka, kodwa ukuze kuthinte amaphuva wokunquma ukuthi kuthinte amaphuva akhona ukungena kwezindlovu ngaphakathi. Ngokwesicelo esisha, abasebenzisi bengathanda ukuthi kube nezimali ezingama-22% ngokulawulwa kwemoto ethekwini elijulile endaweni yaleli zithakatha. Ngaphezulu kwalokho, kukhona futhi into engenakuhle ukuthi lezi zikwele ezinesheshangu esikhulu ziyakhona ukuthi zilalele ukuxhumeka xa unquma emaphuvagatini ngama-15% ngokwesicelo se-Rally Engineering Quarterly esitholakale kunesi samba.

Ukudizayina kwezithakatha nokulawulwa kwezimo zokunquma, ukudlala, nezimo ethekwini

Izithakatha ezingcono kakhulu kwezimo zokunquma nezindzalela

Izitireli ezidalwe ngokwenza izembe nezindlela zokuphika kufuneka zinezikhumba eziphezulu, ezibonisa ukuba zingasebenzisa indlela yembe esibonileyo. Izikhumba phakathi kwezi zikhumba ngokuvumelana nezindleko ezingama-6 kuya kuma-8 mm okunikeza amandla okuthola amanzi kwaye akuvunyi isivivinyo ngokuphelele xa kuhamba ngokushayela emncinceni. Abakhubazi abaningi babengqise ukuthi abeke amakhanda ezigodi ngokweqile kule ndawo. Lokhu kunciphisa ukungcola kwezikhumba okuhlanganisa ngezindleko, okunye nabo abasebenzisa izembe bakhathazwa ngokuba kuyahlisa izitireli ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kule ndawo ezinezinkinga lapho ngamasekondi ayedwa.

Izindawo Zokuthola Amandla Ngokuzivivina Ngokuvula Amandla

Izitambu sokuhamba ngemondle zisebenzisa izindlela ezivalethwe ngokufanamathela nezindlela eziphakeme ukuthi zithi 80% yemondle ngaphakathi kwezokuhamba 2-3. Le nqubo yokuhlukula ngokwenzekayo iyasebenza 92% yokuqondisa ngaphambi kwalokho kungatholakali. Izindlela ezingaphakeme kuzindlela zokuhamba kancane iyasebenza ngokuhambisa ukuthi zihlanze nezinto ezingahlelani.

Ukukhululeka kwezitambu futhi ukuthwala kwezinyathelo ezinemvula nezinyathelo ezinemondle

Izitambu zokuhamba ngemvula zisebenzisa izindlela ezijikijiki nezindlela ezihlanuwe ngama-45-degree ukuthi zithi 12 litere yemvula ngosikathi 80 km/h. Izingxenye ezahlelana nezindlela (4-6 sipes ngayinyaka esibonakalayo) ziya kwezinye izindlela zokuthwala ngaphandle kokuthwala ukuphelelwa kwamakhlukume, kuthula amathuba okungqamane emvuleni ngama-40% emvuleni egcinwe.

Ukuphatha ukwehla kwezitambu futhi ukude kwalokho kuhamba kwezinyathelo ezinezindleke zemondle

Imiphi yamakhanda amancane kanye nezinduku zokugcina zokwehliswa i-gravel tire lifespan nge-35% kuzinye izindawo. Isifundo se-2023 sokugcina sasebenzisa izinhlayiya ezahlukene (65 Shore A isikhundla / 55 Shore A amaqembu) sakhansela ukugcina okungcono nge-28% ngemva kokuqhingeke kude kakhulu.

Ukuhlanganisa I-Grip kuzinye I-Snow nezinye I-Ice: Izinkawuse, Izinhlayiya, ne-Stability

Izinkawuse vs. Izingenakho I-Studded Rally Tires kuzinye I-Ice Conditions

Lokhuza kuzo izindawo ezingcono, amatekethi kufanele achonze phakathi kwezindanda zokugcina nezindanda eziqine. Izindanda zokugcina zilayishwe ngokuthi zicinga izipike zemali ngokushesha kulezi zindanda ukuze zingasebenzi kahle kuzo. Izivivinyo ezimbini zibonisa ukuthi zingasebenza kahle ngama-50% ngaphezulu kwezindanda eziqine, lokhu kuyindlela enhle ukuthi kungasebenzi kahle lapho kudlala kuzo izindawo ezingcono. Kodwa kukhona indaba. Lezi zindanda azisebenzi kahle lapho indawo iqoqwa izindawo ezingcono nezindawo zemhlabathi noma izindawo zokugcina. Ngaphezulu, kukhona amakhawula ambalwa okuthi azivumele futhi lapho kudlala kuzo ngoba kungasebenzi kahle kuzo izindawo zokugcina. Lokhu kuthinta ukuthi kufanele kuchazwe izindanda ezingenazo izipike. Abasebenzisi lezi zindanda baletha ukuthi bakhuthaze izindlela encane nezinhlobo eziqondile zokuthi zingasebenzi kahle kuzo zonke izindawo. Noma azingasebenzi kahle ngaleyo ndlela, zingasebenzi kahle kuzo zonke izimo ezingcono ngaphandle kokuthi kuthinte izindawo zokugcina.

Izinhlaya Ezimnandi Zemali Ukuze Kungasebenzi Kuzo Izingcono

Izitireli zokubhobha kusebenzisa ikhowunyana elikhulu elandelwe ngokudonswa noma kakhulu kancane kakhulu. Le ndlela yenza ukuthi kuthathe kakhulu futhi kungase kuthathe kakhulu. Ikhomiphi yazo le zitireli kuthuthukisa ukuthi kuthathe kakhulu kumaqondo amaningi. Kunezitireli ezintsha ezitholwe kakhulu kuthatha izinsuku ezi-35% ngaphansi kwezitireli zokugcina. Abasebenzisi bezitireli baphumelela ukuthi kuthathe kakhulu futhi kuthathe kakhulu kakhulu. Baye bakhuthaza le ndlela yokuthatha kakhulu futhi yokuthatha kakhulu kakhulu.

Ukuphepha Kwemigqa Ngokudonsela

Lapho amagliga akhona kakhulu kumaqo amakhane, aqala ukulula kakhulu futhi kube nemifisakatho. Amakhampeni amakhulu ezigligeni ayebenza kahle kule ndlela, aqoqa izinto eziphathelene nekanda futhi nezinyongo ezinkimbinkimbi kanye nezindlela ezinhle zokuvikela izipanje. Ngokwesicatfo eshicilelwe ngoqo, amagliga wokwenza amakhane aphathwe ngalezi zindlela amelwe ukuba nezifiso ezingama-90% zazo zokulula noma ngemuva kwama-12 awophumene ema-25 (kungu-13 Fahreinheit), ngelokho amagliga okwandulela kwezinyanga zemvula ukwengeke kakhulu noma kungu-65%. Lezi zinto ezinhle kakhulu zokuvutha kakhulu lapho abasebenzisa amagliga bafuna ukuthwala kakhulu kuzindlela ezibomvuwe ngokuthulula.

Ukuphressa Okuphezulu Kwezilungelelo Nezinhlelo Zokwenza Amagliga

Ukushintshwa Kwemigqizo Yokuphressa Kwezilungelelo Ngokushesha

Kwezokushisa izinduku, amathimba ayashintsha kahle imiphimbo yezigaba ngokuthi yini leli hlobo lomhlophe abaphansi kubo. Xa kuzothene nezindlela ezibovu nezincane, kungcono ukusebenzisa imiphimbo encane, kusukela ku-20 usuku kwe-24 psi ukuze kube nephenyuka elikhulu kulezinduku, lokhu kwenza izinduku ziboneke kabanzi kumhlophe. Kodwa xa bafika kizinduku eziphelele, abasebenzisa izinduku zokubhala kwezimali kwe-28 noma kwe-32 psi ukuze amagxubu engachaphane kakhulu lapho kubaleke kakhulu. Okwamanje, amakhulu amaningi aneminyaka ephathwe ngeminyaka engenayo yokufunda ukuthi yini engaphansi kwamagxubu kwaye abuze ukushintsha imiphimbo kodwa engaphakathi kwekota. Isibonelo sikhona kubalwa kakhulu phakathi kweniphenyuka futhi kuyakwazi ukugcina izinduku ukuba yisikhatsi sonke ishomi ngekuthi kungabaleki.

Ukubalwa Phakathi kweNiphenyuka nekugcina Ngokushintsha Imiphimbo

Ukuhluke kwezimali kumelela ukuphazamiseka kwezindlela kanye nokwehluleka kwezimali ezingenakunye. Izingxenye zokugcina ukuphazamiseka kwezindlela zokuthola izindlela ezinhle zokuthembisa izindlela. Isibonelo, isicelo se-FIA se-2023 sithola ukwehluleka kwezimali kahle kungu-12% lapho izimali zingezansi kungu-2 PSI kuzindlela ezinhle.

Izindlela ezinhle kanye nezimali ezinhle zokuthembisa izindlela

Izindlela ezinhle kanye nezimali ezinhle zokuthembisa izindlela. Izingxenye zokugcina ukuphazamiseka kwezindlela zokuthola izindlela ezinhle zokuthembisa izindlela. Izingxenye zokugcina ukuphazamiseka kwezindlela zokuthola izindlela ezinhle zokuthembisa izindlela. Izingxenye zokugcina ukuphazamiseka kwezindlela zokuthola izindlela ezinhle zokuthembisa izindlela. Izingxenye zokugcina ukuphazamiseka kwezindlela zokuthola izindlela ezinhle zokuthembisa izindlela. Izingxenye zokugcina ukuphazamiseka kwezindlela zokuthola izindlela ezinhle zokuthembisa izindlela.

Izimali ezinhle kanye nezimali ezinhle: Ukuthembisa izindlela ezinhle

Imiphefumuli yemoto yesikhwama ngaphansi kwe-12 kg iqhaza ngokukhulu ukuthutha fanye nokuphakama lapho kuhlela kwezindawo eziningi, hhonibha babuye kuhlabe ngokuphakade 22% ngokukhulu kuzindawo ezikhulu. Ngokwesikhalo, leyo mophemu olunezimali ezingaphezulu kwe-15 kg iyaphepha ngokudala kwezindawo ezide hhonibha kunezindleko. Zidala ubunzima obukhulu obukhala ukuthutha, kubusa amakhilomitha wehora kusukela kwe-4 kuya kwe-7. Amathimba aningi ukuthi kuhlela yini kusetshenziswa ngokubangelwa yide faye yisikhathi sokuhlela. Imiphefumuli encane yisisekelo esikhundleni kwezindawo ezincane ngaphansi kwe-15 km lapho ispeyidi iyakhiwa ngokukhulu. Kodwa lapho kwezindawo eziphezulu kwe-30 km, amathimba athintela kule mophemu elikhanyisiwe lapho ekhona ukuthula ngokukhulu noma kungabi lula ukuthutha ngokushesha.

Ukulandelana nezimiso zemiphefumuli Ngenkqubo yemibuzo nezindlela zokushisha kwamavulelo

Ukufaka kwesithuthiwe kanye nokuvuselela kwezinhlobo zokugcina umvula kuvumela ukuguqula isendvo ngokushesha. Isithuthi seWRC somkhulu wabusa izindleko zokugcwala emvuleni ngama-41% ngo-2023 ngokusebenzisa amathrikhwe amaphansi-aphansi lapho kwehlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zokugcina umvula kungenani le-8 mm/iyure, njengoba kuvikwe IRTC.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini engqondweni yokuba izithuthi ze-rally zifanele kuzinye izinhlobo zokuhamba?

Izithuthi ze-rally zidilithwe ngokokhetho ngezinhlobo zokuhamba ezifanayo nezinhlobo zezinhlobo zokubhinda ukuze zinike amandla okugcina nezokulula kuzinye izinhlobo zokuhamba njenge-tarmac, isilika, isinamela, nezinamela.

Sengani isithuthi se-rally esisha ukukhetha isithuthi esifanele kuzinye izimo zomvula?

Izithuthi zokuralela esisha usebenzisa izimodeli zokuthonga ezivulekile kanye nedatha yamandla ngokushesha ukuze babuye kwezithuthi nezinhlobo zokukhetha isithuthi ngokwemathuba alandelayo nezimo zomvula nezinhlobo zokuhamba.

Yini enguquko etholwe kumqondo wesithuthi se-rally ukuze kube lula?

Ababhili bakhusele imithwanciso yokuguqula fomu, imibhobho yonqelwano yonqelwano, nezinhlobo zokwenza iziphumela ngokukhulu ukuze bangeliswe ukushisa nokugcolda, ukungena kwezibhobho, nokuxhasa kwemigwa ngeminye imigwa.

Yini le ndlela othintekayo ukugcina ukuthula kwezibhobho zokubhola emakhaya amakhulu?

Ababhili basebenzisa izicelo zokwenza iziphumela ezifanayo ezifakwa ukuthi zilindele kahle nangemaphoyinti amancane, njengoba bakhusele izinye zokwenza iziphumela ezikhulu nezinhlobo zokulungisa ukuze avikele ukugaywa nokulahlekelwa.