Ukuphumelela kwemigqamelo ye-TBR: Imithwalo Ebalulekileyo

Ukucabanga ngamagqabi wesilinda nezikhungo zazo ezisebenzayo

Yintoni i-TBR Tires kwaye keke kubaluleke ukuba yimehlo

Izilinda ze-TBR kwiinkawu kwaye kubasebenzi kufuneka bakhankanye ngokukhulu kwaye bahlale kancinci xa kubekwe kakhulu kumoya. Xa le silinda iya kuba yile kakhulu okanye iyaphela ngokupheleleyo, akukho kuphela okungcono kodwa noyilo obuninzi. Abasebenzi beCommercial Fleet babengezile izimo ezingaphezulu kwe-R5000 kwime nganye kwasebenzisa inkqubo esingenelanga ngo-2023. Imvulo yesicelo se Mechanical Engineering yachaza into engqokeliyo ngokuthi keke kubonakala sengaphela silinda. Malunga nekota yazo zonke iifeyili zilandelayo zisuka kwiingxaki apho i-rubber iquka iindlela zokwelapha ngaphakathi kwesilinda. Le nto yasebenza yachaza ukuthi keke kubaluleke ukuba abasebenzi bahlale bazeke nezinto eziphakeme zokuba yimehlo ngokulandelana nezixhobo ezifutshane.

Izixhobo eziphambene nezilinda ze-TBR kwiinkqubo eziphezulu kwezisebenzi

Izixhobo eziphambene zilandelayo:

• Ukusebenzisa ngokudityaniswa : Ukuphindekwa kwegolide ngemva yokulayisha/ukususa kuhlola kuholela ekulayiseni kwezinhlaya
• Ukugcinwa kwezinhlaya : Imigqibo echwepheswe ngaphezulu 194°F (90°C) ikhuphe izinhlaya
• Imigqibo yokulandela indlela : Izindawo eziphansi kanye nezindawo ezingezifusho ziholela ekugcineni kwezinhlaya ngokuphindwa kabini 40%

Imathikhi ephumalanga njengeNdlela kaIndia yokuthutha ngemhlophe iyinhloso lezi zinkinga, nendlela ezingekhona yayo iyiholela ekugcineni kwezinhlaya 18% okufushane kunesikhathi ukugcinwa kwenhlaka yekhweyithi (35-40% ngaphansi kwemaximum) kuyindima yokuxhumana nezi zinkinga.

Imithwanciso Yesikhulu kanye Nezinhlelo: Indlela Lapho Uhlelo Lubangelwa Kugcina Kweminyaka Yezipini Zokuthamboza (TBR)

Imigqa Yerabha kanye Nokukhululeka Kwekwehla kanye Nezindleke Ezibalweyo

Izipini eziphambene kakhulu zokuthamboza (TBR) zilindela imigqa engenziweyo yemirabha ezifanayo okuphela kuzo okungaphansi phakathi kwokugcina kude kanye nokulawulwa okunecala kakhulu kwezimo zokusebenza. Abasebenzisa izingxenye zemirabha manje bahlukanisa izinto ezithile njenge-rubber SBR ngezinto eziphambene nezindleke, lokhu kwenza bakhona ukukhululeka kwekwehla ngokupelile ngenkathi engu-28% ngaphandle kwezindleke ezijwayelekileyo ezijulileyo ngokwemibiko yesikhwama ye-2023. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho le zipini zisebenza ngokugciza, zilungisa ukwanda kwamandla futhi kungenzeka ukuba kube ngaphezulu kwe-120 degrees Celsius lapho kusebenzwa kude. Okunconywa yilokhu ukuthi le zipini ezinezindleke eziningi zilungisa ukwanda kwamandla ngokude kungenani amandla angu-15% ngaphansi lapho kusebenzwa kude emakhaya kwezindlela zasekhaya. Kanti nakuba kunezinto eziningi ezizokulawulwa, zilawulwa ngokuphelele kule ndaweni ezinemvula lapho ukuphelele kwabantu kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuqhutaniswa Kwemigqa Yezilayi kanye Nokohlako Lokugcina Kwezilayi kanye Nezikhokelo

Ukuthi kanjani i-steel cords lihlotywa kuma-rubber matrices kakhulu kubangelwa ukuthi kanjani amagliga akhulwa xa kuzwakala kuzizimo eziphambene. Umlando olwakalwe kwi-Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering wayenyaka-2024 ubonisa into ethakazelisa ngokuxhuma kwalowo. Xa abasebenzisa amagcina ukusebenzisa amagcina okuhlotywa ngokulungile, kuyakala ukuthi kunciphisa izinkinga eziphakathi ngezingama-40% kumaqondo olwakalwa. Kepha kukhona enye into engayikhathazo kwezindleko zemagliga ezimboni ezithile. Imikhumbuzo yokuhlanjwa iyexposa le zinto kwi-hydrogen sulfide gas eshaya amagqunywe aphakathi kwezintambo nezirubhi ngokushesha kuneqiniso. Imikhumbuzo yemvelo ibonisa ukuthi umthamo wokusebenza uyanciphiswa ngezingama-18% kulezi zimo ezithandwa. Ukulungiselela le nto ngokugcwele, abalwa amakhampani wezimaklaka bayaqala ukusebenzisa amagcina webrass kuzintambo zezilulu futhu kanye nezincazelo eziphezulu kwezinc oxide kumaqondo abasebenzisa ngokwezimali zokwenza.

Imithwana Yokwenza Futhi Injongo Yabo Kuqinisekisa Ukuphephile Kwesikulu Futhi Ukushisa Kwehliseka

Ukwakhiwa kwezingqimba zethayi le-TBR ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuhlanganisa izinto zokuqinisa i-polyester noma inayiloni nezingqimba zenjoloba ezingamelana nokushisa. Ngokwezifundo zamuva nje eziphathelene nezinto ezihlanganisiwe kusukela cishe ngo-2024, amathayi enziwe nge-aramid fiber reinforcement empeleni akhipha ukushisa cishe ngamaphesenti angu-22 ngokushesha uma eqhathaniswa namathayi avamile e-polyester lapho ecindezelwe ngaphezu kwemingcele yawo evamile. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuxazulula inkinga enkulu eye yahlupha amathayi iminyaka eminingi - lapho izindawo ezithile zishisa kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka - 140 degrees Celsius), amazinga athambekele ekuhlukaneni. Uma sibheka izibalo zangempela zokusebenza ensimini, sibona nokuthile okuthakazelisayo okwenzekayo. Amathayi amaloli anemibhobho ekhethekile ye-hybrid rayon ne-steel belt asebenza amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-135 000 emisebenzini emide. Zishaya amabhande ensimbi avamile cishe ngamaphesenti angu-12 lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka phakathi nokusebenza, okuzenza zibaluleke ngokukhethekile kubasebenza emabhodini emikhumbi ababhekana nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.

Ukungcola Kwezinhlobo Eziphambene Kuzitiri Zokuthambo: Imithombo Nokulungisa

Inqanawe Yezitiri Ngaphakathi: Imithombo Ebuhlungu Nokutholwa Kwasekuhle

Xa amapleyi wesitiri ngaphakathi aqala ukwahluka kwezoruba ezizungezweyo, kwenza le nqanawe esibonakalayo kuzitiri zemigqa. Le miba ingaba yabelana ngokukhulu kizindaweni zemigqa yesitiri zabasebenzisa nezibhisi ngoba le kehla iyahlukana nezindlela zokubona futhi kuzindleko zokuguqula izindleko ezingena kulo. Ngokwesimo esitholwe ngezinye izifundo zasebenziso esikhundleni 2025, malunga nezingu-8 kwezingu-10 zokuthi inqana yezitiri ivela kizindlela ezincane lapho amapleyi ayengezi kuhlaba kwezoruba futhi. Basebetholile ukuthi ukugcina ubukhulu obungama-13 kilogram ngokungubini besibindisi phakathi kwezilaye kuyadingeka kakhulu ukungcola le ndlela yokugcinwa. Kuyadinga futhi ukutholwa kwezimiba ngokushesha, ngakho ke sibonani izimbo abasebenzisi kufanele bazingelele...

• Ukushaywa kwezithombe ukuthola amagumbi okulula phakathi kwezicuku
• Ukuvavanya nge-X-ray ngokungahlelwa kwezicuku
• Ukubheka ngokulibona ukuthi kuyaphakama kanye noma kungahlelwa kwezinyongo

Ukungqelwa kwezicuku zokubulisa nezirhambeni ngokungahlelwa kwegciwane

Ukugcina ukugcina ngemisebenzi yekhowudi yekhowudi isula isikhundla phakathi kwezirhambeni zokwenyama nezirhambeni ezifakwe ngokungahlelwa. Le ndlela ethinta ngokungahlelwa kancipha ngemisebenzi:

Ukuvavanywa kwe-FTIR kuvikela ukuthi izinto zokubhala izinto zokubhala zingaba yisicelo ngokuzenzekelayo ngenkathi kuvuleka, kubonisa indima ephakeme yokubamba okubambayo okuhambisana nezinto zokubhala.

Imigomo Yokuwaqeda Ngenkathi Yokuwaqeda Ngenkathi Yokuwaqeda

Ukulaywa okuhambisanayo kuvakela imigomo yokuwaqeda yethu ku-TBR:

1. Ukuthula okulaywa okulaywa (42% yemibono)
2. Ukuvitha kwezinkinga zokubhala nezinkinga (29% emkhathini yemvula)
3. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-edj kunoma ukungqondakala kwezinhlobo zokulayisha

Idatha yemvelo ibonisa amagliga afuna phansi kwe 85% ikhwekhwelo lokusebenza fikelela kwehla kwezinduku ezingama-23% kuqala ngaphambi kokuthi kwevike isimo samathongo. Ukuchekwa okuqhutywa kwezinhluko kanye nokulungisa okuqondile kuthwalwa lezi zimo zokuphela ngokuthi kuthiwele kahle ukushintshana kwezinhlobo kuzinhlobo zokulayisha.

Isimo Somhlaba Nezinyathelo Zokusebenza Okuphathelene Nenduku Yeziglontshi

Imoto Yenduku, Izikhathi Zokulayisha, Kanti Ukhwekhwelo Lwezinhluko: Izinhlobo Eziphambene Nezinye

Lapho izindawo zemoto zibe yimali, kuzokwenza uhlelo olukhulu kule tayela, kubangela ukuthi zilale kancane ngenxa yazo zonke izikhukhume nezihlanti ezihlanu. Lokhu kungcono kunguhambo lapho kukhona izibhakabhaka nezindlekele zemoto. Ngokwesicatshulwa esithile sikaPonemon ngo-2023, le tayela lapho liphumelela ngaphezulu kwalokhu kufanele kuhlala kunezindleko ezingama-17% ngokungelukelwa kwezinyongo zemoto noma ukuthi izibhakabhaka zilale. Futhi akukhoqodwa lokhu. Okukhona kwezindleko ezinkulu kubangela ukulayishwa kwezindawo zemoto ngaphandle kokuqukethwe. Uma uye ngama-20% ngaphezulu kwenkqubo, kungakhiya ukuphila kwe tayela ngama-1/3. Kancane kakhulu, ukusebenzisa tayela ngepheshe ngephansi kuzokwenza amandla kakhulu kwezulu kuvuleka kancane kancane kuma-18 kuya kuma-25 degrees Celsius, okungukuthi tayela liyakhamela kakhulu kanye. Ngakho ke ukuhlinzela pheshe yakho nekukhumbula izindleko eziyinhloko kungukuthi kuyindlela yokuvikela tayela le eziyinhloko ukuba kungabikho futhi kunguhambo lapho kufanele.

Ukuphila Kweminyaka Yokusebenza Kweminyaka EMachibiyeni: Imizuzwana Eshasha Nezinkinga Zokusebenzela

Izitire TBR zenza ukuba zihlule kakhulu emasimini aphakeme kakhulu kanti kunezindlela ezibovu. Ukutholwa kwakhiwe ku-2025 kujabule imishini yemining na-Asia yepheletu kubonisa lokhu kuyindlela: izitire zabo kufanele zishiywe ngenyoka ngama-30% kanti kakhulu ngokuthi izindawo ezikhulu phezu kwezitire zombila ukuthi kuhlanganise nezulu le-monsoon lenza ukuthi ukuxhumano phakathi kwezitire nezindlela zokubandakanya zihlule. Ukulungiselela lokhu, abasebenzisa izitire eziphezulu nezindlela eziningi ezinkulu kunezinye izitire ezijwayelekile, ngokuvumelana nezinga elingu-7% kuya ku-10% eziphezulu. Lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi izitire zisematheni ngama-12% kuya ku-15% noma kusebenzwa emasimini aphakeme. Izivivinyo eziphakeme kudinga futhi kakhulu, ngakho emasimini aphakeme abasebenzi bahlola ngeminyaka yonke ukuqaphela ukuthi kungani kuhlanga ukuthi kuzozama ukwenza izitire zihlule ngokungafani.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini amatirha angamava TBR?

I-TBR liyashaya amagilbha e-Truck neBus Radial. Lapho kudizainwe ngokwespezifiki ukulayisha amaload ephethwe kanye nokuphepha kumaqondo athile okulayishwa ngayo.

Kungani amagilbha e-TBR ayathe iphela?

Amagilbha e-TBR ayathe iphela ngenxa yezinto ezifanalo ne-cyclic loading, thermal degradation, futhu amaphetho ebandla. Izinkinga zokuphepha kusho ukuthi zakhona kakhulu kumncedisi wokwehlukaniswa phakathi kwe-rubber ne-steel cord.

Ungakhombisa kanjani izindlela ekuqaleni ukuthi amagilbha ayathe iphela?

Izindlela ezifanalo ne-shearography imaging kanye ne-analysis ye-X-ray kudinga ukwakala izinkinga zokwahlukaniswa zemagilbha. Kukuvunyelwe futhu ukulandelela ngokuzwa ukuthi kungaphansi kwe-tread noma kungu- sidewall.

Yiziphi izinto ezingakhiwa ngazo izindlela eziphakeme kwe-TBR?

Izindlela eziphakeme kwe-TBR zingakhiwa ngenxa yokwahlukaniswa phakathi kwezilayisho zemagilbha kanye nezilayisho zomrubhi, okungukuthi kungabi nenqubo yokugcina kakhulu kizindawo eziphakeme ngezinselelo.