Imizuzwana Yokuphatha Amatire Abasebenzisi Abaqeshwa

Kanjani Ekholekholelweni Kukhawula Ukusebenza Kwamatire

Ukuzwa ukusebenza kwamatire ngokwemizuzwana yekholekholela ngokwepu yokuqhubeka

Indlela amagliga asebenza ngayo kuzindawo zokulaywa kakhulu iqinisekiswa yimbini lezinto: ukukhula kwezi agliga nezinga lezindleko ezenzekela kubo. Xa isivuke sokukhula sikhona kancane kancane kuma-miles kwezimala ezingu-200, izindleko zokuphambuka kumagliga kungakhona kancane kancane kuma-5,000 pounds. Ngalesi sikhathi, le magliga kufanele abe nezintandokazi ezanele ukulaywa kwezindawo ezikhulu. Ngokomlingo wokulaywa kwemoto wokulaywa ophublikisiwe kuleli yiphi lelilanga, ngalokho 10 degree Celsius ngokukhanya kwezindawo zokulaywa kuthiwa kuthiwa kungaba nezinga eliphezulu kancane kancane kuma-12-15% lezindleko zokulaywa. Ukuhlaba okuphezulu kwezimala ezikhulu kancane kancane nezindawo ezikhulu kuthiwa kuthiwa kuhlanganisa kwezindleko zokulaywa. Ngaleso ndlela, abasebenzisa amagliga onakekeyo kufanele abe nezinto ezifaka amandla phakathi kwezinto ezifanele (okungenhla kuma-70-85A Shore hardness range) futhi kancane kancane kakhona kakhona kwezindleko zokukhanya kwemoto.

Indlela ishishiniwana sokukhanya kumagliga xa kusebenza kwezimala

Indawo ephambene kakhulu yekhono iphakathi kwe-105 kanye ne-125 digrii Celsius. Xa izindleko ziye phansi kula mlima, ukugcina kugcina kuphela. Uma ubhala ngapaso kweyona, ubunqunqwana bubeke kakhulu, okubangela ukugcina kwehluka ngokushesha ngokupelana ne-0.4 seconds ngalolunye ophelile. Iintombi zokugcina zihlola i-telemetry evela kwayo ngokuvumelanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uMax Verstappen owaye noba ngamaxesha aphakathi kwe-73.2 kanye ne-73.4 ngexesha laba ngaphantsi kwe-95 digrii Celsius. Ukulawula ukushusha kuyinto ebalulekile kakhulu ngokwezindleko zokugcina kwayo zikhanyayo kuba izinto zokugcina ziya kuba yimali, ekunxekeni amagqabi ukugcina kwamathikelo.

Ukuthi inkqubo yokuguqula kwayo kunye nokubhala kwakhona kuthinte kanjani ukugcina kwayo kwezitayile kunye nokugcinwa kwayo

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezifixo kungenzeka ukuba kunezindlela zokugcina ngokukhulu kodwa kubangela ukugaywa kwezinhlobo. Iindlela ezingenakumbi njenge Silverstone ziyagula amagilide kakhulu ngokungafanele kwezinye izindawo, noma kube yimali amathrack engenakumbi njenge Singapore ayagcina amagilide kodwa kudinga amagilide angcono ukuthutha. Ukubuyiselwa kwezindlela kuthinta indlela ethathwa phakathi kwezifixo, lapho izifixo eziyiswe zenhance ukugcina ngokukhulu.

Imiphawu yezulu kuzindlela zokusebenza kwamagilide

Umvula iyamela ubukhulu kwezulu ngama-20°C, kudinga amagilide ongeniwe ngamapumice ukuthola umvula. Amagilide asetshenziswa kuzulu kudinga ukusebenza ngezulu eliphakade, noma uma kuvuthwa ukuthi kwehla kwezulu kungaba nokuthi kwehla okungaqondakaliyo. Iintombi ziyajonga kwiimbono ezifanako jikele zokuthola ukuthi kwehla okungaqondakaliyo kuzulu eliguqwayo.

Ukukhetha i-Gilide Efanayo kuzindlela zokusebenza

I-Gilide RY44 (C1–C4) neendlela zokusetshenziswa kwazo kwiFormula 1

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uboneke kahle kwezilindekile kuyindlela yokuthola isimbopho esifanele phakathi kwezokuhamba ngokushesha nezokuvikela izilindekile ukugcina ngemuva kwemvi. Amathimba aseF1 anquma ukusebenzisa zilindekile ezihlanu ezahlukene ezijibwe ngokuthi C1 kuya kuC5. Ezinkulu njengento C1 zivela ngokwezifiso kuzindlela zokuhamba zokuthi ziyahlukanisa amathrack ngokushesha. Ngakolunye uhlango, izilindekile ezingezintandokazi kakhulu ezikwisigaba seC5 zinikeza abasebenzisi inkqubo yokuqondisa kakhulu kodwa kuphela ngemva kokuba zingaphela ngokushesha futhi zingavikeli kahle. Amathimba ayaziwa ngokuxazulwa ukuthi le zilindekile zisebenza ngokulungile kakhulu endaweni ethathwe ngokwezimali. Uma ubheke futhi zibe lula noma zibe ngokushesha kakhulu, zingaphela ngokushesha kunoqobo noma zingaphela kuphela ngokushesha kakhulu futhi zingavikeli kahle ngemva kokubheke noma ngokwemvi ngokujulile.

Ukuqoqa Izilindekile Ezinkulu NjengoC4 nezindlela zokuhamba zokuphezulu

Kwemibandleni lapho izinhlo zikhumbula isisitho eside ngokukhulu njengase Monza, umbiko we-C4 uyasebenza ngokubi kuhlanganisa ukugcina nokulawulwa. Lezi zinhlo zinezinhloso zokugcina okhawuleza kahle kule migaqo ezingaphansi ethinta ukuba zingapheli, futhi ziyindlela yokuthi bakhumbe bayikhumbule ngokushesha kakhulu lapho baphuma emagqamkeni. Abanye abantu bakhishela imibandlo ku-2024 baleka ukuthi babonile into ethile ehlukene. Lapho izinduna zisebenzisa izinhlo ezingezintandokazi (njenge-C3 ne-C4), izikhathi zabo zemigqa ziyashonwa ngokuphakathi kwe-1.2 kuya kwe-2 izikhathi kumagqamka aphaphazekayo ngokulinganisa nazo ezisebenzisa izinhlo eziphelele.

Ukuqaphela Ukusebenza nokulawulwa Ngokuthi Kuhlanganiswa

Izinduna zihlanganisa izindlela zokugaya nezikhathi zokuthanda: izinhlo ezingezintandokazi kungakhumbula ukuba kuthanda kakhulu kodwa zidinga ukuthanda okuningi, futhi izinhlo eziphelele ziyohlala kuzindlela zokuthanda okungu-1. Isiphiwo sikhona kumibandlo olandelayo, lapho abasebenzi bokwenza imibandlo yenkqubo imicelo e50+ ye-temp yokuqondisa ukuthola amathiphu okugcina ngemigwa yokuqina nokuthi kwehlise kwezimali zokubhola

Izindlela zokuqondisa: Izinga eliphezulu kanye nezinga elibangelwa ngokulula

Ukuqonda ngokuphezulu ngezimali ezimfushane kuyafuna kakhulu kumaqondo othile kodwa yindlela engahle ukuthi kubaluleke uma umbhola ubude ngokungafani nesicelo. Ngokwesibindi, ukusebenzisa izindlela ezibangelwa kuzokugcina lezimali ukuze kuthathwe isikhathi esibalweni, ngaphandle koko abasebenzi baya kungena ngokungatholakali kokuqala. Sebenzisa i-British GP yekuphela njengombagiso. Uma imvula ivamele kusukela kumbhola, iyahlisa kabusho abaphambili. Amathimba athi aqondile ngokusebenzisa amathiphu athile kusukela ngaphambi kokuthi kwehlise kwebutho ayitholanga kakhulu, izindlela zabo zingavumele kakhulu uma kwehlise kwebutho kuthiwa ngokungathanda.

Amatekni yabo basebenzisa abaqondisi ukuphatha amathiphu kuculeni

Amatekni okubhola kanye nokugcina amathiphu ngokwezindlela zoculeni

Abasebenzisi abasebenzi kakhulu bahlala nezimandla zabo ziyashisana ngokuphelela kahle ngenkathi zihamba kuzindlela ngokubheka ubukhulu bezisindleko ezingena kuzo xa zihamba ngokugcwele. Xa baphumelela ngokulula ngenkohliso engenakheza, kubekwa ishishini elincane kwezinye izici zezimandla eziyayiqamba. Futhu, ukwazi kahle xa kufanele kushintshwe ukuphunzwa kwesibhakabhaka kusiza ukuthi kungena amandla okuphakama kuzimandla ngaphandle xa kuhamba ngokugcwele. Ukuhlola imininingwane yesibhakabhaka se-Formula 2 ngo-2023 ibonisa lokhu kahle: abasebenzisi abaneminyaka yangeke ayilapha ngokuphelela kungabi noma ngokungukile kuba bengena kuzindlela ngendlela engcono. Lokhu kuyindlela engcono kuba izimandla ziyashisana kahle xa kuthathwa ngokusheshisa kakhulu.

Ukulawula amandla nekuhlangethela ukuphakama kweminye yezimandla ngokukhuluza ukushishwa

Ukuhlelwa kwe-throttle ngokwezindaba kwenqanawa yekona kubona amathuba okungabi noma ngaphezulu kwe-10%, kuyindlela yokubalisa ukuthutha nokuqinisekisa intonga. Iindlela zokwenza i-torque vectoring ezinhle zikhombisa ukuthi i-ampere iyahlukahluka kuzo zonke iindlela, okwenza umoya wokulahla kwezindlela ebonwe kwi-76% yezindaba zokubhabha izindaba (Track Engineering Journal 2024).

Ukuhlelwa kwe-intonga ngokungabi kwezindawo eziphambene nomgwaqo

Iipro dhayivha liyindlela yokusebenzisa amathuba okunqamula nazo izindlela ezinamandla okungabi ukuthutha ngokuphelele. Iindlela ezinhle zokwenza i-brake duct zikhupha amathuba okungabi kwezindawo ezingama-40–60°F kuzo zonke iindlela ezingama-Monza, ngelokho izindlela eziphambene nezindawo eziningi zokuthutha kungenzeka ukuthi kungabi ngekota ngaphandle kokungabi kwezinsuku eziningi.

Ukuqwalaselwa kwezindlela eziningi nezindlela ezinhle zokubhabha ngokuphelele

Abadlayisi basebenza ngokuphelele ukulandela umgwaqo wokubhola ukuzila ezindaweni ephuzwayo, ukugcinela ubunzima bokuxhumana ngokuphelele. Le ndlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba isikhathi sasekhanda sikhulu singaphansi kwe-0.8 seconds ngokuphelele, kunalokho esikhundleni kwe-2.1-second esingabathathwa ngabathathwa abangemidlali.

Imigwaqo yokulayisha Ithayela: Kusuka eMonzabeni esiNgapakeng kweSingapure

Ukulinganisa imigwaqo yethayela: Monza enkulu ngokushesha vs. Singapore enkulu ngokulula

Lokhu kuyacaca indlela yokusebenzisa izitaya kwe-Formula 1, amateke ayasebenza ngendlela eyodwa ngokuba yini le ndawo lokubhala kwezitaya ezihlukene njengokuba kwehlukene le ndawo yoku bhala kuma-tract ehleke kakhulu njengase Monza noma kuma-tract ophawuwe njengase Singapure. Kwehlweni le Italian GP, onemboni we 5.8 km, amateke kudinga izitaya eziphezulu kakhulu ze-Pirelli C4 ne-C5 ukuze aziwe kule ndawo enkulu kakhulu edlulelwe ngokushesha be 360 km/h futhu kule ndawo ekubekelwe kakhulu kwezindleke ezifika kuma-5.3 Gs. Le ndlela yokusebenzisa izinhlobo zokuhlaya kuyakhiwa kakhulu kule ndawo ukuze kwehlise ukugaywa kwehlweni. Manje shintshela kwehlweni we Singapure Marina Bay Circuit. Lokhu kudinga ukucaciswa okuhlukene kakhulu. Izitaya ezingcono C3 ziyachothwa ukuze kubekwe kahle kule 23 izindleke eziphakeme futhu kamaqo amabiwe. Kuyadinga ukucaciswa futhu amateke abona ukuthi izitaya zasekhankankane zokubona ukugaywa ngama-47% ngokushesha kakhulu kuma Monza ngokuba kudinga ukuthi kubekwe kahle kokuqina kwezindleke njengoba kuchazwe yi-PlanetF1 ngoziwaka.

Ukuphatha izitaya kuma-tract aphawuwe kakhulu nezikhala zokuthambisa futhu ukuguqula kwezinhlobo zokuhamba

Iindlela ezikhulu zokuthayela kwiindlela ezingu- Spa-Francorchamps, oya kusuka ku +104 imitha phambili pansi kuya ku -45 imitha, kunye nekweqo enkulu yokuthayela engaphezu kwezitya ezi-11 eCOTA kwenza iidalwa bakubophele kanjani na baphumelela amabremi. Xa balelela phezu kweemitha efanuka Turn 12 eAustin, ukuba abaleli baphumelela amabremi ngokucindezile, iindlela zabo zingakhula ukuya kwezindleko ezingama-22 ukuya kuma-28 ngegelo ngaphandle kweemitha ezipheleleyo. Ngoko ke abaleli abaneleyo balwa ukuba baphumele amabremi ngokwenge kwezishumi nezishiyagalombili ngokwenge xa balelela phezulu. Oku kwenza ukuba kuthathwe kakhulu ukuba kungakhokelele kakhulu kwi ndlela yodwa yendlale.

Isicatshulwa: Imisebenzi yendlela kwi British Grand Prix 2023

Isibhakabhaka se-2023 Silverstone sibonile kakhulu ngekwalokho kwezinkawuntiswe zokulayisha kwe-Pirelli's C1-C3 kuboniswa. i-Mercedes-AMG yahlula amadini amathile wabo ngemva kwezindlela ezingama-29 ngokuphelele kulezindlela ezingama-51 degree Celsius kwayo esebenza ngokuphelele kungaba phezulu ngenkanye engama-14% ngendlela ethola kakhulu ngemva kwezinyanga ezingama-10. Emva koko bayaqala ukusebenzisa amadini amasheshi ngemva kweqembu lokuphepha. Yeyiphi indlela enjengo lokhu kubonisa ngokukhawuleza ngokulinganisa nezindlela ezimbili ezingokwezifiso? Imiphumela? Ikhono eliphezulu kanti lama-12 lapho abasebenzisa izindlela ezingokwezifiso. Libonisa ngokucacile ukuthi yeyiphi indlela yokulayisha kakhulu kwezinkawuntiswe kudingeka, noma lapho izindlela zikhathaze kakhulu.

Isikhombisi Sokuqala

Yeyiphi into engathintela ukusebenza kwamadini emakhanda amasheshi?

Ukusebenza kwamadini emakhanda amasheshi kuthintekwa ngokusheshisa kanye nezimali zokugcina, ubumnandi bendlalo, kanye nezinhlobo zokulayisha, kudinga kwezinhlobo ezithile ukuze kutholwe ukugcina kanye nezindlela eziphumelelayo.

Kungani ubumnandi bubaluleke kakhulu kwezinhlobo zokulayisha lapho kusebenzwa emakhanda?

I-intemperature iyaphatha ukugcina, ngoba i-tire ingaphumekeka ngendlela enemathiselwe lapho kuya phambi kwe-105 kuya kwe-125 degree Celsius. Ngeshele kuleli qalingo, ukugcina kuphansi, futhu lapho kude kulo, i-tire ingapholile futhu kuyaphansi kakhulu.

Izimo zokugula kungaphatha kanjani i-tire performance?

I-reyni ingaphansi kwezindleko zokugula, kudinga i-tire enemathiselwe eziphakeme, ngenkathi izinguquko zokugula kungakhathazeka kuthiwa kungaphansi kwezindleko zokugula kwe-tire lapho kunezimemo.

Yiziphi izihlukahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo zetayela e-F1?

U-Pirelli unikeza izinhlobo ezihlanu zetayela (C1–C5) ozithakelwa ngokusezingeni ngokuthi kutheni kwezindleko, ngenkathi izinhlobo ezikhangelene zifiswe kuzindleko ezikhangelene futhu ezinhlobo eziphandeni zinikeza ukugcina okakhulu kodwa zingaphansi kakhulu.

Baniya baphatha izindleko zetayela abasebenzisa lapho kunezimemo?

Abasebenzisa baphatha izindleko zetayela ngokuthula kwezihawu, ukulawula isitolo, ukulawula ngokusezingeni, futhu ukushintsha izindleko zokugula ukuze akwazi ukugcina, ukuze i-tire ingaphumeke ngendlela enemathiselwe.